The First World War (WWI) :: World War 1 I One

World War 1 World War 1 was called â€Å"The Great War†, â€Å"The war to end all wars†, and â€Å"The first modern war†. It had many causes and a few repercussions and I will describe them in detail. The most widely known reason for the start of World War1 was the assassination of the Arch Duke Ferdinad of Austria-Hungary in the Serbian capital of Sarajevo. The ArchDuke was there to talk to the Serbian leaders about peace in the Balkan Peninsula. After a Serbian was arrested for the assassination Austria-Hungary pulled out of the peace talks and declared war on Serbia. Germany who was allied with Austria-Hungary also declared war on Serbia. Russia who was allied with Serbia had to declare war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. When Germany invaded France and Belgium, Great Britain declared war on Germany. World War 1 had begun. As the German Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg said, â€Å"Once the dice are cast nothing can stop them.† Indeed once the dice were cast on World War 1 nothing stopped them until 22 million people had died. Besides the assassination of the archduke there were four other reasons for the start of WW1. 1. Militarism- the building of large armies. All the nations in Europe at that time were engaged in what today could only be called an arms race. As soon as one nation built a new weapon, all the others followed suit. 2. Alliance System- The building of alliances to strengthen the borders of a country. In theses alliances if one country went to war all the other countries in the alliance were forced to go to war also. 3. Imperialism- The practice of colonizing other lands by large European nations. 4.Nationalism- The feeling of Patriotism in a country that makes it compete with all other counties in the area in all areas. In my opinion WW1 was an unnecessary global conflict in which 22 million people needlessly lost their lives. I think that this conflict could have be prevented or stopped in 2 ways. One if the Serbian leaders had more closely guarded the car that carried Archduke Ferdinad. If the assassin had not been able to get near the car perhaps the

Obamacare: a Threat to America

President Barack Obama has been written into the history books for becoming the first African American president of the United States. The president plans on changing history again by bringing universal health care into the United States, which has won him much popularity among Democratic voters. President Obama’s speeches are adored by his fans but raise many red flags for the majority of America. Major concerns Americans have with President Obama’s two proposed health-care bills are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.As many Americans believe Presidents Obama’s health-care plan is what the United States has needed for decades, considering he did get elected, his polices will prove to be a bane for the United States. The main concern for many Americans about the Obama’s Health-Care plan is the fact that they will lose the freedom to choose. Choosing health-care benefits, doctors, and high -deductable coverage is important to every insured American citizen, so why would Obama change that?In his speeches, Obama has promised Americans that they will be able to keep their existing health-care coverage but the proposed bills tell a different story. Both bills necessitate that Americans buy approved plans that have a number of universal benefits or face penalties. Even with a five year grace period given to big employers to convert to the new plans, there will be no options if the bills are passed. Choosing what benefits are included in one’s health-care plan often times saves money that could put food on the table for a struggling family.Several states have already imposed a list of required benefits for health-care plans; everyone from â€Å"chiropractors to alcohol-abuse counselors† competes to be included on lists of required benefits (Tully). This competition is one reason health-care costs continue to rise. A few of the mandated benefits of the bills in clude coverage for prescription drugs, substance-abuse services, mental-health services, as well as insuring â€Å"children† until they reach 26 years of age. Before the bills are finalized, the Department of Health and Human Services will hire â€Å"experts† to complete he list (Tully). Thus, nobody will know exactly what this standardized list of benefits will include until the bills are passed. For some Americans, choosing their doctors is very important. Whatever the reason, some people feel more comfortable around certain doctors than others. Why would Obama take away such a simple freedom? With passing of the bills, Americans will be assigned primary care physicians who then will assign patients to specialists, if needed. It is up to the â€Å"gate-keeper† which specialist the patients sees and when.Of course, the choice is to be made on which route is the most â€Å"cost-effective† (Tully). The situation only gets worse when primary care physicians deny patients care, and still get paid. Another freedom Obama’s Health-Care bills will strip from Americans is the choice of high-deductable coverage. Currently about 5 million Americans take advantage of Health Savings Accounts (HSA) offered by their employers (Tully). These work when an employee puts money into the account, requiring the employer to make an equivalent deposit.Employees use Health Savings Accounts to pay for high-deductable coverage plans which, in turn, they use to cover several-thousand dollar medical bills. With high-deductable plans, patients are to cover regular doctor visits themselves; HSAs help cover these bills as well. The proposed bills cause great concern to HSA participants for the simple fact that they will no longer be able to choose a plan with â€Å"stripped† benefits. To rub salt on an open wound, John Goodman of the National Center for Policy Analysis says, â€Å"The government could set extremely low deductibles that would elimin ate HSAs..And they could do it after the bills are passed. † Mandating minimum benefit packages will only drive up medical costs for those who now rely on HSAs to cover medical expenses, ending â€Å"consumer-driven† care (Tully). By eliminating money coming in from independent consumers instead of big insurance companies, the proposed bills will snuff out any type of market health-care now has. Another major concern for Americans about Obamacare is a topic President Obama would rather not mention: cost.According to the Congressional Budget Office, the price tag of the bill coming from the Senate Health Committee would be approximately $1 trillion spanning ten years, and that would only cover a small portion of uninsured Americans. Even worse, the Congressional Budget Office estimates another bill from the Senate Finance Committee at over $1. 6 trillion (Reich). These numbers come at the worst possible time when the United States deficit has reached an all-time high at over $14 trillion as of January (Sahadi).This begs the question, how does Obama expect to pay for these tremendous bills? The answer: Obama plans to raise taxes. Though Medicare cuts and increased taxes will pay for much of the immediate â€Å"overhaul,† according to the proposed bills, the first sign federal tax credits will not be seen until 2013. Only eligible small businesses, up to 25 employees, can receive very limited tax credits up to 35% towards employee health coverage, which Obama hopes will persuade small businesses to offer employee health-care plans (Fox News).But in reality, the cuts affects only one-third of small businesses, leaving the nearly rest of America to get insurance through their big business employer or buy it themselves (Danner). The United States is less than $300 billion away from our debt ceiling, what would another $1 trillion in debt do to our country? Experts predict â€Å"crippling† results. Even in the best case scenario, the value of U. S. bonds and currency would be destroyed. If the U. S. did default, markets around the world would see the effects (Sahadi). If the U. S. overnment is about to lose the ability to pay its own bills, why is the president trying to reform health-care knowing it will add to the already outstanding debt? Small business are another key concern for Americans as President Obama is pushing harder than ever for his proposed health bills. In his campaign Obama ensured Americans that his bills will include benefits for small business, however that is not the case. Looking closely, the proposed tax credits for small businesses will put each small business through a series of tests to decide whether it is eligible for the credit and how much they could receive.With less than one-third of small businesses fully eligible under the restrictions, President Obama’s Health-Care plan will leave Americans with few options when it comes to health-care. Even more, the president neglects to me ntion is that his tax credits for small business are only temporary, six years at the most (Danner). After the credits run out, small businesses will be forced to pay full price for employee health costs, driving up the cost of business dramatically.Businesses that cannot afford the full price tag of employee coverage and newly imposed taxes will have no choice but go out of business. Small businesses created 64% of all new jobs in the last 15 years; the idea of unemployment taking another dramatic rise caused by the closing of numerous small businesses is something the current economy of the United States cannot handle (SBA. gov). There is no doubt Americans like President Obama but when a record number of Americans lose their jobs because of his bills, what will Americans think of him then?There is no doubt President Obama is an excellent speaker but his way with words hides truths that Americans need to know. Now that these truths have leaked out to the public, Americans are conc erned about many different aspects of the president’s proposed bills. Understand, the idea of every American citizen having health insurance sounds great to everybody, but at what cost? Major concerns of American citizens are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.President Obama’s promise that Americans could keep their current plans has been proven bogus, he has neglected to mention the tremendous costs of his proposed health-care bills, and these bills could irreversibly damage the American economy; is Obama the change that America was searching for? As his 2,000 page documents conceal the truths behind his proposed ideas, President Obama’s health-care plan has proven itself to be yet another bane that could very possibly be placed on top the United States’ already weighted shoulders.

Using Geographical Information Systems ( Gis ) - 2691 Words

In the literature, there is a wide use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the appropriate siting of various projects from urban planning, to the more focused of locating suitable sites for renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and a hybrid of the two combined. The site suitability for these renewable technologies requires economic and environmental criteria to be met for the appropriate placement, so that the public or local authorities do not contest the renewable energy systems. Each criteria for site suitability gets turned into a map layer in the GIS, and then overlaid to see which areas are not suitable, and which areas meet the criteria, therefore being a potential location to be sited. Certain methods take this†¦show more content†¦This GIS system has also a significant amount of features and is becoming more widely spread, and Sanchez-Lozano et al (2013) states it can do just as much as paid software. Therefore from the literature it seems beneficia l to use an open source GIS system, as it is a viable option due to being easily accessible. GIS, is a software system in which data is often imported, and Janke (2010) states that potentially unrelated data can be combined into something of meaning, and Aydin, Kentel Duzgun (2013) claims that GIS with its spatial analysis capabilities can overcome site selection problems. Teguo et al (2010), states that GIS in recent years has become much more popular as a tool for the appropriate site selection of a various number of projects and disciplines. These other projects for site selection using GIS with a decision support system, is the appropriate sitting of landfill (Åžener et al, 2010), road network route planning within a city (Sadeghi-Niaraki et al, 2011), and a decision support system for planning of urban infrastructures (Coutinho-Rodrigues, Simà £o Antunes, 2011). Therefore these examples from the literature show that the use of GIS for locating suitable sites does not have to only be for renewable energy technologies, but they can be adapted for various situations. Huck, Whyatt Coulton (2014) use GIS in unique way for site suitability, by using a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS), which allows the storage and analysis of spatial

Philosophy - Free Will vs. Determinism - 2035 Words

Free Will-Determinism The dialogue between philosophers over the existence of free will versus the inevitability of determinism is a debate that will always exist. The discussion centers around the true freedom of humans to think and act according to their own judgment versus the concept that humans are intrinsically bound by the physical laws of the universe. Before I enter this chicken and the egg debate I need to quantify my terms: Free will is defined by the great philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas as â€Å"vis electiva† or free choice. It is the ability of man to contemplate and judge the effects of the actions he is about to take. â€Å"†¦But man acts from judgment, because by his apprehensive power he judges that something should be avoided or†¦show more content†¦Science was the latest bloomer of the three major disciplines of existential explanation and in the post modern era is becoming more and more popular. As the world becomes further secularized and the reaches of scientific logic continue to exceed their grasp, many of the world’s intellectuals identify â€Å"truth† on a scientific scale. Science does not support the theory of morality, because it can’t be proven to exist. The notion of â€Å"free-will†, something which world religion and philosophies alike recognize as a fundamental part of our human anatomy, is called into question in a few simple and logical ways. Science supports the theory of determinism as the only logical explanation of the unfolding of the actions of our lives. First off, science has recently developed the discipline known to us as physics, in which the laws of the universe have been defined. In the short time in which humans have been graced by the scientific understanding of the laws of the universe, human kind has yet to fully step back and contemplate the magnitude of this discovery. In generations past, humans believed that we were made special with â€Å"free will†, but now we know that like all things in the universe we are subject to the physical laws. This is a huge step forward in rational thinking because it allows us to understand that our previously God given concept ofShow MoreRelatedFree Will Vs. Determinism879 Words   |  4 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By thisRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King1387 Words   |  6 Pageshe had no control over his own destiny; The free will he thought he had was merely an illusion (Sophocles 59). Since the day he was born, his fate had already been determined. The theme of â€Å"free will vs determinism† can be seen throughout the play, and it raises some very important questions. Questions that are very difficult to answer and have troubled even the most famous of philosophers for many millennia. Is there such a thing as free will? Is free will an illusion? Does destiny exist? Has everythingRead MoreFree Will Vs. Determinism Is Tackled By Scott Meyers1400 Words   |  6 Pagesfact, even be the result of chemical reactions occurring in the neurons residing in our brain. We as humans are curious as to what â€Å"free will† is truly defined as. Whatever the answer, the question posed is one that will result in many different varying opinions, many of which could impact the worlds of both science and philosophy. The subject of free will vs. determinism is tackled by Scott Meyers in his novel, Off to Be the Wizard, which was released in March of 2014. In Scott Meyer’sRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Free Will1089 Words   |  5 PagesOlivia Vogel Introduction to philosophy Jones Determinism vs. Free will The belief that all events have causes and if there ever is an equivalent origin, the same outcome will occur is called determinism. Almost meaning that every event is certain and that there really isn’t such thing as â€Å"free will†. We have the debut of free will, it is an unmitigated appearance that simply holds that there is a case about anything that happens in the near future, neverthelessRead MoreHU4640 Project Part11650 Words   |  7 Pageslastly, free will versus determinism. It will also include a discussion about the study of morality and identify which of the approaches (Scientific, Philosophical, or Theological/Religious) are closest to my own personal beliefs. There will be a discussion regarding the three sources of ethics and what they are based on (Reason, Emotion, and Intuitionism). Keywords: Virtue Ethics, Care Ethics, Absolutism, Relativism, Consequentialism, Deontological Ethics, Intuitionism, Determinism, Free Will.Read MoreEssay on Ayer, A.J. Freedom and Necessity.972 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy 1301. 1002 Ayer, A.J. â€Å"Freedom and Necessity.† In the following paper I will talk about A.J. Ayer’s â€Å"Freedom and Necessity,† and I will explain the dilemma of determinism and Ayer’s compatibilist solution to it. I will explain some of the examples Ayer uses to explain the difference between cause and being constrained, and how both affect one’s free will. I will also discuss on why Ayer’s compatibilism solution to the dilemma is the best solution so far. According to A.J. Ayer,Read MoreFree Will vs Determinism627 Words   |  3 PagesTed Honderich Determinism Vs Free Will Psychology 101-1322 Professor: James Pattison By: Belinda Bielicki July 2, 2011 Determinism versus Free Will: The most important and the oldest philosophical question is perhaps that of free will and determinism. Do people have free will, or are our actions pre-determined? Ted Honderich defined determinism as the philosophical idea that every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the inevitable and necessaryRead MoreBaron dHolbach and William James on Free Will and Determinism1192 Words   |  5 PagesBaron dHolbach and William James on Free Will and Determinism 3. Discuss the issue between Baron dHolbach and William James on free will and determinism? Before we can discuss the issue between Baron dHolbach and William James we have to know the definitions of the items the issue is about. Free will according to the Encarta encyclopedia is The power or ability of the human mind to choose a course of action or make a decision without being subject to restraints imposed by antecedentRead MoreThe Trusty Model Of Dependent Personality Disorder1266 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand an individual personality. The purpose of this paper is to present -the Trusty model of dependent personality disorder. Major topics relevant to the disorder will be explored including the human image (determination vs. free will, nature vs. nurture and the past vs. the present) as well as the dysfunctional personality style. As you read this paper, I hope you will be more enlightened from the information presented and also gain a better understanding of dependent personality disorder. Read MoreFree Will vs. Determinism Essay1951 Words   |  8 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism Society walks about day-by-day living their lives and never really thinking or breaking down how their day unfolds or why it plays out the way it does. Some people have said that individuals have a choice and are able to decide on where their day goes. Others on the other hand would argue this assessment and state that your day and your life as whole are all pre determined. The different is free will vs. determinism. Do you believe we live in a free will world or has

African Americans During The Reconstruction Era - 1629 Words

During The Reconstruction era, African Americans faced many obstacles on their way to success. Reconstruction of the United States refers to the remodeling that took place after the civil war. The country was injured in all areas. Its society, economy and physical structure had been In January of 1863; President Abraham Lincoln lifted the chains off thousands of African Americans’ shoulders by releasing the Emancipation Proclamation. Unfortunately, this relief was short-winded. The Emancipation Proclamation stated that all people who were deemed as slaves, were to be set free from slavery and guaranteed to no return to it. At first glance, this new legislative act appeared to provide endless opportunities for newly freed African Americans. Instead, life after the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation conceived more problems for African Americans than those they possessed during the bondage of slavery. After the Emancipation Proclamation was passed, African Americans faced various issues including a lack of opportunities, an unfair starting point and continuous discrimination. A dominant downfall to the Emancipation Proclamation was the small amount of opportunities that were available for African American workers. Though the law allowed African Americans to join the work force, it did not create jobs for them to obtain. This led these newly freed men to resort to the same type of labor they performed before gaining freedom. Most African American men returned to hardShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The Reconstruction1318 Words   |  6 Pages1860’s there was an Era that started called the reconstruction. The main purpose for the reconstruction was to give African-American people full political and civil equality. However, it was very tough to do this, especially since most white in the south didn’t want the African-Americans to have the same rights as themselves. During this Era there were multiple good things that happened, yet, there were a lso many bad things that happened. For instance, during the reconstruction the 14th amendmentRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era Was A Success1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era was a Success Shortly after the Civil War ended in 1867, President Abraham Lincoln’s new objective was to unify the union and the confederate states into what was formerly known as the United States of America. This time period is known as the Reconstruction Era, starting with the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House in 1865 and ending with the implementation of the Compromise of 1877. The Reconstruction Era was a time period full of political, economicRead MoreReconstruction Of The Reconstruction Era1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction Era was known as a time to reconstruct the United States of America by the expansion of governmental power that began in 1865. â€Å"There were two central problems that animated Reconstruction; providing justice for freedmen and facilitating national reconciliation. (A New Birth of Freedom, pg. 1) After the 12 year span, reconstructing the nation succeeded in only a few of the goals that were set out to achieve within those 12 years that it was in progress. The Reconstruction’s intentionsRead MoreReconstruction Era1650 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction 1 The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical periods in American History. The CivilRead MoreThe Reconstruction-Era Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesThe Reconstruction-Era The Reconstruction-era offered numerous opportunities to African-Americans, by attempting to secure the rights for ex-slaves, but the opportunities presented even more obstacles to them. The thought of freedom intrigued the African-Americans at first, but many of them quickly changed their minds after experiencing it. Henry William Ravenel, a slaveowner, proclaimed, When they were told they were free, some said they did not wish to be freeRead MoreAnalysis of The Reconstruction Period1087 Words   |  5 Pagesthese African Americans and the South’s ever-growing hatred towards this group, African Americans were left to suffer harsh discrimination and horrible conditions. Africans Americans were left without homes, education, jobs, or money. Reconstruction was the Radical Republicans’ attempt to try and bring the Confederate states back to normal and unite both the South and the North into a whole country once again. Reconstruction was also set to protect and help th e newly freed African Americans assimilateRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War910 Words   |  4 Pagesone time African Americans were treated poorly this country wouldn’t be what it is today without what African Americans went through. They have had such a major impact on music, movies, literature, sports, and many other things. The Reconstruction Era took place after the end of the Civil War. It lasted from 1965 to 1977. It was the North’s way of making peace with not only former slaves, but the South as well. The Reconstruction Era attempted to better the lives of African Americans by makingRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagespain. Veteran William Lloyd Garrison describes few of many changes that occurred after the Civil War, including the abolishment of slavery and the African American being granted for the first time in history the right to vote. As the civil war came to an end, the United States began to establish an undivided nation. This era known as the reconstruction era is described as â€Å"meaning literally the rebuilding of a shattered nation. (verterans of the civil movment, n.d.) 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The war destroyed the plantations and crops thus causing many to starve to death while others became homeless. The reconstruction became the only hope for the people. Radical reconstruction began in 1867, which enabled the freed black men

Gender and Leadership free essay sample

Leadership is the act of directing, motivating and managing a group of people towards a shared goal. Tasks often requiring leadership are generally complex and large. Leadership is used in these instances to avoid chaos and maintain a clear direction of work along with the management of time. Going back to nature into the most limbic slice of the brain, males are generally seen more direct and more involved in their approach to leadership. Little less than a century ago, this might have been almost inarguable. With the rise in the feminist theory in the field of sociology, women have been seen ever advancing in power and involvement in decision making across diverse sectors – this in reference not only to businesses. The natural curiosity generated by this kind of development unsurprisingly interested researchers to clarify and derive conclusions. Three key papers were provided and referred to in writing this post. Interviews with leaders An interview with 24 CEOs by Groysberg and Connolly (2013) drew some interesting facts about women and leadership. First of all, the past CEO of Aovn, Andrea Jung shows evidence of gender based bias in reference to leadership. She notes how she was not expected to be a CEO in meetings outside her organization. This goes a long way to show that women are not necessarily seen as leaders by the general masses. Similarly arguable perceptions are made based on their role in families. A major chunk of the blame goes to the expectations placed on them. Positions requiring a lot of travelling are perceived to be inappropriate for females given their role as care takers for families (carefully stating) especially in Asia. The bias goes to such an extent that even racial discrimination is compared to be less significant. The argument on bias is further supported by the fact that only 4% of the Fortune 500 companies are led by females as stated in the paper. Barriers for women is argued to be a result of their exclusion from networks, which as explained later is essential for development of leadership. Inclusive culture suggests that regardless of differences, personal development can be attained with the correlation of it with the goals of the company and that contribution is valued. However, as with the case of Jim Turley, who unintentionally failed to respond to suggestions by three females, inclusive culture is not necessarily fully implemented in organizations. The position of female leaders Adi Ignatius (2013) states that women are ‘depressingly underrepresented’ higher up in the hierarchy. The article suggests (citing Sheryl Sandberg) that women themselves are not yet fully prepared, in a sense, for higher level management positions. Anne-Marie Slaughter (cited in Ignatius) even suggests some radical changes to society for progress in this field. Ely, et. al (cited in Ignatius) show reasons to the gap between the genders in leadership. The paper by Ely, et. al, talking about the barriers present for women talks about how as opportunities and capabilities grow, chances arise to take on challenging tasks. These tasks allow one to work in new ways and a lack of them, they argue, diminishes confidence and personal development. Further study into another paper by the same authors revealed strong evidence as to the gaps between the genders in leadership. (Ely, et. al, 2011) Development of female leadership Ely, et.al (2013) suggest three initiatives to develop female leadership. According to them, a finding showed that women are discriminated without them even realizing and admitting to it. Gender bias, they state, is stereotypical. The first initiative therefore is to have these biases known. Once people are aware of its existence, they are likely to change it. There is evidence to show the initiative’s effectiveness as wel l as implications. Carlos Ghoson of Nissan, for example, showed his disapproval of gender bias in the previously talked about interview with leaders. The second initiative is to â€Å"create safe ‘identity workspace’. † This is basically aimed at creating what may be called a friendly environment for women to participate and be involved in. Doing so is suggested to be beneficial as women will be willing to take risks and participate without the anxiety of being judged. Seeing development efforts in the light of leadership over gender perception is the final initiative. Development, when related to leadership as opposed to distinguishing and noting gender biases allows women to focus on goals over rejection of stereotypically ‘male’ methods. With this, females can aim at developing themselves. Further, the authors argue, this can help develop connections which are vital given women’s avoidance of networking. Further research Impacts on employees and organizations Male workers are clearly in an advantageous position considering the stereotypical and subliminal preference in organizations. Women on the other hand fall behind given that they are not necessarily preferred for promotions and more specifically as leaders. Eagly and Johnson (1990) suggest that subordinates do not generally accept women as leaders. This is also supported by Ely, et.al (2011, 2013) When it comes to female subordinates, Eagly and Hall in their separate researches (cited in Eagly and Johnson, 1990) state a group of women (opposed to men) can be seen expressive, friendly, pleasant and socially sensitive. Research suggests (Eagly, et. al, 2003) women use more of transformational leadership (changingminds. org, 26/12/13) than men. This means th at employees are recognised more for their efforts. This is motivating according to Herzberg (cited in Stimpson and Farquharson, 2010) Leadership style Women, as leaders may be stereotypically associated with democratic leadership. This is further suggested by Eagly and Johnson (1990) who advocate the involvement of subordinates in decision making for acceptance of women as leaders. Women are also likely to use transformational leadership as stated earlier. Adding to this, Robbins Judge (2007) suggest women are better at leading contemporary organizations as opposed to males who are better with structure and control. Leadership theories They also cite Russell, et. al on females describing effective female leaders as showing high consideration as well as high initiating structure. Referring this to the Ohio State studies, (Robbins and Judge, 2007) women are thus better leaders in the eyes of women themselves. Taking cognitive resource theory by Fiedler (Robbins and Judge, 2007) into consideration, the higher propensity for women to ruminate (discussed later) is a clear disadvantage. Women, relating to this assumption to leadership, may be too ‘cognitively taxed’ to lead effectively. The stresses of over thinking and eventually depression (again, discussed later) will take away any advantages in terms of experience and skill in leading. Shedding further light into the realm of women and leadership is made possible with the Situational Theory. The theory focuses on the roles of followers for the success of leaders. (Robbins Judge, 2007) It has already been established that women describe other women as better leaders. Thus in this case, the readiness of employees and subordinates, if they are females as well, is considerable. Further strength to this argument may be given by Eagly as well as Hall’s findings (cited in Eagly Johnson, 1990) as stated earlier. On the other hand, as discussed, females are not easily accepted as leaders (Eagly and Johnson, 1990; Ely, et.al, 2011, 2013). In this case, the readiness unavoidably drops as a result of inacceptance. Leadership by women thus, as evidence suggests, is most effective if subordinates are also women. Personal opinions and conclusions Though inclusive culture is not fully applied in businesses, it is most arguably not a result of intention and discrimination but more a result of bias – generated by subliminal and sociological influences. Not to anger anyone and purely as an exploration of possibilities, there may though, be a positive side to this bias. Robbins and Judge (2007) describe men as less prone to rumination half as much in fact. This tendency to over think causes increased analysis of past decisions, leading (they state) to depression. Age is a factor in influencing this difference in thinking habits. Rumination is seen less in males by the age of 11, where as the differences are smallest by the age of 65. As may be realized, this is a large proportion of age useful and used for leadership. Differences between the styles of leadership between genders may be a result of socialization. The way children are treated and expected to behave differently in childhood may contribute to difference in leadership styles they use as they grow up. Since there are stereotypic expectations in male and female behaviour, leadership behaviours and even traits may be subliminally influenced. So, are women effective leaders? It depends, what gender are they leading? Initial review on the subject suggested that female leaders were actually less effective. However, relation of female leadership to the Situational Leadership theory revealed, with further evidence, that female leadership is most effective in cases involving female subordinates. Now, this statement may seem false given the usually near equal number of male as well as female employees in most organizations. The suggested derivations and findings would suggest an equal number of male and female leaders. However, in defence of the claim, the lack of female leadership progress may be explained by a still male dominated environment that is the work life. Evidence to this is shown by Innatius (2013), Ely, et. al (2011, 2013) and Goysberg, et. al (2013) Though this ‘domination’ may not be overt, but the subconscious power and preference of males in leader selection arising through the way, since childhood, one is socialized.

Memoir of My Parents Divorce Essay Example For Students

Memoir of My Parents Divorce Essay As I sat in my bedroom listening to Wales song Ambition. I turned up the volume in an attempt to block the sounds coming from the other side of the door. They were not sounds of joy and happiness; rather they were angry and bitter voices. As accusations were being hurled outside my room wall, I sat on my bed feeling like the loneliest person in the world. I thought to myself, How could two people who have shown me so much love speak to each other with such hatred and disgust? All I heard was shattering of glass against the floor, and pounding of fists against the solid beige walls. I wished and wished for the noise to end, but what I didnt realize was the end of it would change my life forever. It all started when I heard the arguing almost every day. Then one day my parents walked into my room and with hushed and nervous tones, they started to explain everything. As my mother was talking to me, I felt an overwhelming sense of sadness. I was crying hysterically, not being able to keep up with the tears that were rolling down my face. Thats when it had hit me that this was actually happening; they were getting a divorce and it was final. All sorts of feelings came to mind, but all I did was cry making my sight of vision a blur. My face turned cherry red and I felt a wave of heat rush over my body. Even after my clear sight of vision came back, things were still fuzzy. What had worried me the most was that my family had been broken apart. And I couldnt help wondering what if my parents would have ended up looking at each other with hatred? I looked up to them individually but also as a couple. They barely ever fought but I guess things are different behind closed doors. I tried my hardest to think positively about the situation, but all I could think about was my parents not being happy anymore. I kept thinking about the main events that would happen in the future such as my graduation or my basketball games. I want both of them to be there cheering for me as a family and just present for every major event that happens in my life. I want both my parents to be there but I want them to get along as they did before this all happened. I hated knowing that they were never going to live in the same house and under the same roof any more, that everything had to be split in half. I spent that whole night thinking about how my life would change forever, but maybe it was for the better. This situation might not have been how I wanted it to end, but this wasnt up to me anymore. There was nothing I could have done that would have changed their minds. I then realized not only would my life be different in the future; it would also be effecting my life today. Everything that would be different in my life such as, there would be alternating weeks at each other parents house, hauling luggage from one location to another, celebrating holidays twice and having two separate family dinners, and not waking up to seeing both of them every morning was a memory I cherished the most. I knew I would miss everything about our old life together, just seeing them while they were happy and actually cracking jokes with each other would have to be the number one thing I will the most. I loved seeing them happy, laughing and giggling with and at each other, it reminded me of when my family was at their happiest moments. All these positive thoughts came to mind from the past when they were at their happiest. Then all of a sudden, everything turned into negative thoughts. I was just thinking about myself, and how I would feel about my parents splitting apart for good. .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 , .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .postImageUrl , .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 , .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:hover , .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:visited , .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:active { border:0!important; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:active , .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306 .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u370fb7d46cd3905242004dd6a2632306:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free Great Gatsbys: American Family Values G EssayMy mother and father both asked me how I felt about it and I cried hysterically, but I never once seemed to even think about them, and their feelings towards the situation. They were unhappy and I would not have wanted them to be miserable for the rest of their lives for my sake. I did not like seeing my parents wake up in a bad mood, I wanted to see them both happy and if that meant them not being together anymore, then that is how it had to end. Even though I didnt think I was ever going to get used to it, I tried my hardest for my familys sake. It just so happens that they stayed friends and they still shared a special bond that no one could break. They have spent 18 years of their lives together as lovers and best friends. That long of a relationship could not have just been thrown away and forgotten about. Many memories that never could have been forgotten about as a family were most likely their wedding and the birth of their child. They say never take things in life for granted because someday those things could be taken away in the blink of an eye. No one would have ever guessed that my family would have been broken apart. Everything used to be so perfect but things change and so do people. The love of their marriage just did not exist anymore. Their perfect chemistry had been torn apart and their love for each other had faded away. They agreed on staying friends and thats how it ended, in friendship. They had one thing that they would always share and that was the love for their child. The bond between a child and a parent could never be broken, no matter what the outcome.