Women During World War Two - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1059 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: World War 2 Essay Did you like this example? Do you agree with the view that ‘the war changed very little for women’? Before the First World War, women did not have the vote because they were not seen as contributors towards shaping the country, economically or politically. This is because they were confined, practically, to their homes, as all they could do is cook, clean and look after the children. This is when groups like the Suffragists and the Suffragettes formed. Their aim was to gain the vote. However, propaganda against them made women look useless, even more so. Therefore, not much was changing for them. During World War One, as more and more went off the fight in the western front, their availability to work in the factories and offices decreased dramatically. In addition, women did not have much to do at home, as their men were not there. As a result, they were the only option to work in the factories to produce army supplies. This was a massive turn towards achieving a better position in soc iety for women, because they got a chance to prove that they can do more than just domestic work. Women worked from 8 in the morning until 6:30 in the evening, sometimes even until 8, painting planes with dope varnish, and filling shells with gunpowder and TNT. In return, they got illnesses and diseases, and not to mention, a bare minimum pay for their efforts. This goes to show that Britain would have not carried on the war â€Å"without women† as it says in Source 8, because supplies would have decreased drastically, and men fighting would have not been properly equipped to fight. In addition, it obviously presses upon the fact that women were key to success in the war, hence making them just as valuable as men, if not even more so. For that reason, war changed a lot for women because they proved to be of equal importance to men by their efforts during the war to help the men fighting. Having said that, source 8 is a passage from Prime Minister Asquith in 1917. Theref ore, it is probable to say that he had a political agenda to get across with his speech, and this means that he could be saying positive things for women in order to gain support, to maintain his position of power. Nonetheless, this does not make the source useless because the Prime Minister would have recognised women’s contribution in the war; therefore, he may have meant what he said. As mentioned before, women were paid for their work in factories. However, as there was no regulation or law regarding a national minimum wage, factory owners exploited this loophole by giving women lower wages, than they would have to men, and their working conditions were very poor. At the time, class was a major part of character judgement, hence making it inevitable to believe that factory owners would have used the fact that â€Å"very few† women were â€Å"from the middle class† as a reason to not paying women fair wages. This suggests that war changed very little fo r women, as it also says in Source 9, â€Å"it would be wrong, however, to [over]state the extent the changes in women’s role in the labour force†. This strongly advocates that men still thought that women were inferior to them after the war, regardless their contribution to the â€Å"labour force†, therefore, meaning that very little changed for women because they men thought the same of them before and after the war. Even though class was a major issue, women continued to flourish in expanding their range of employment. Fewer women worked in the domestic service by 1918, yet their numbers in munitions, transport, and metals industries steadily rose by the end of the war. These were the kind of jobs that were included as part of â€Å"men’s work†, as it says in Source 8. With these increasing numbers, it goes to show the extent of improvement and change the war made for women because it enabled them to widen their abilities into various fields of work, thus making it easier for them to acquire better jobs. In addition, this steady rise in numbers also proved that women were just as good as men were, in terms of what they were capable to do. As a result, it is plausible to say that ‘war changed very little for women’ is a wrong statement because it clearly did as more and more women got more involved in more industries than domestic work successfully. Regardless of progress made by women by moving into different fields of work by the end of the war, a major problem rose. The problem was that men from the Western and Eastern Fronts, were returning home and they wanted their jobs back. However, as women occupied most of their jobs, there was major uproar, and as a result, factory owners decided to let go of their women employees to make way for the men. In fact, two years after the war there were â€Å"fewer women in work than before the war†, as it says in Source 7. It also states that the jobs wom en had â€Å"were hardly different from before the war†. This means that, not only women lost their post in helping make Britain and greater state; they also went, essentially, back to square one. This is because the jobs that got after the men returned were similar to those before the war- domestic work. This regression proves that war changed very little for women. In conclusion, the First World War certainly helped lift women’s profile up in British society, in terms of value and respect. However, this seems to be the case only during the war when they were required to take jobs at supply factories, where the men would have been. Even though this may seem to be a good thing, women were still being exploited by getting less pay and bad working conditions. Finally, after the war, when the men returned, they were left aside once more, because their use was no longer seen, as there was no longer a ‘War Effort’. As a result, women were seen as a subsid iary workforce on a temporary basis, which leads to state that after the war, they would be put back to square one. Thus, it is appropriate to say that war changed very little for women. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Women During World War Two" essay for you Create order

The Biggest Stressor In A Family’S Experience Is A Death.

The biggest stressor in a family’s experience is a death. Stress levels can be different if deaths are sudden or even if the death was known to be coming. Also, at different ages the stressors of a death in the family can differ greatly. The experiences of a death of a child, death of a sibling, death of a parent, and/or death of a spouse/partner all have similarities and differences. Death of a Child The death of a child in a family can have different meanings depending on the family. With the death of a child, one concludes the child as young, school age or younger. Nevertheless, an older family may lose their child, but their child is not young. Hence, most say there is nothing worse than a death of a child. Moreover, a child has just†¦show more content†¦(Wilmoth, 2009) Whereas, in the death of a child, sibling, parent, and spouse/partner each of these stressors has the same resources available to them. A few of these resources are: therapy, a support network, and even their religion. Next, the C factor in the ABC-X Model is how each family handles the stressor of death in their family. The C factor in this model is where the contrast is between these occurrences. It has always puzzled observers that some families ride out the vicissitudes of floods and disasters without apparent disorganization, whereas most families are at least temporarily paralyze d by such catastrophes. The key appears to be at the â€Å"meaning† dimension. Stressors become crises in line with the definition the family makes of the event. (Wilmoth, 2009) In society in general the death of a child, sibling, parent, and a spouse/partner hold a different meaning, one death is not equal to all. Such as, a child’s death is harder to cope with, because they were young and did not get a chance to live their life, parents are not supposed to outlive their children. Whereas, the death of a sibling is not as concerning in today’s society, there is more emphasis put on the parents of the lost life than the siblings of it. However, the death of a parent in society isShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Plan For The Winters Family1865 Words   |  8 Pagesfamily expressing empathy using RISSSC techniques. With RISSSC, I will repeat key words and phrases the client says, use images to capture emotions that words cannot, use simple words, maintain a slow pac e, use a soft voice to encourage a deeper experience, and adopt client’s words in a validating way (Gehart, 2014). I will also identify the negative interaction cycle, and resolution strategies to resolve conflict (Gehart, 2014) In the working phase, I will work to increase emotional expression andRead MoreMental Health : A Growing Concern Within The Indian American Communities1380 Words   |  6 Pages OCD, PTSD, and major-depressive disorder (â€Å"Facts-Statistics† 2015). 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Importance of Basel III Banking Supervision

Question: Discuss about theImportance of Basel IIIfor Banking Supervision. Answer: Introduction The Third Basel Accord is the foundation of banking supervision across the globe. The accord was framed by a team of selected central bankers to provide guidelines for wise supervision of banks in the world by setting standards for the monitoring. Basel III was released in December 2010 after Basel I and Basel II had been issued earlier. The Third Basel Accord aims at enhancing the capability of the banking industry to tolerate shocks emanating from an economic and financial downturn, improve the management and control of risk, as well as reinforce the transparency and disclosures by banks. The third pillar of the Third Basel deals with market discipline. This component is intended to inspire discipline in the market by establishing a set of disclosure policies to allow the market players access vital information for sound decision making. The information concerns the scope of use, risk vulnerability, capital, risk evaluation, and control process (Ko?ffer, 2014, p. 4). This paper, th erefore, examines the importance of Basel III for the future of banking industry in Singapore with particular emphasis on credit information. Enhanced Comparability As the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) implements the disclosure requirements of the Third Basel Accord, there will be better comparability among the financial institutions (Bo?Sch, 2014, p. 249). Comparability relates to the extent to which credit information is properly understood and compared among different agencies. The Basel III recommends the use of a standardized approach to ensure that the disclosures simplify comparison among banking institutions. There are qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements. The qualitative disclosure prerequisites incorporate the names of External Credit Assessment Institutions (ECAIs) employed, the types of vulnerability for every agency, and the arrangement of the organization's alphanumerical scales having risk buckets (Ko?ffer, 2014, p. 6). On the other hand, the quantitative disclosure prerequisites stipulate the proportion of the banks portfolio in every risk bucket provided by every agency. Such disclosures are relevant sinc e they will make sure that the financial institutions in Singapore are employing recognized organizations with the appropriate expertise to offer the users with sufficient information for making correct decisions. The detailed information concerning the nonpayment history will ensure that the assessments employed by the Bank reflect its defaulting experience. Moreover, the banks will be liable for disclosing any significant changes made in ECAIs employed as well as their procedure and policy for converting public ratings on specific bond into internal debtor scores on its credits. The ultimate objective of these disclosures is to facilitate comparison among banks (Ramirez, 2016, p. 4). Enriched Market Transparency The implementation of the Third Basel recommendations in Singapore is going to improve the transparency in the banking market thus enhancing market discipline among the participants. Under this accord, the Monetary Authority of Singapore will provide the banks with the discretion of valuing the significant inputs of their respective Internal Ratings-Base (IRB) when calculating the regulatory credit on the credit portfolio. However, the market participants should be able to measure whether the discretion has been applied correctly and the choices and assumptions made must be explicitly specified by the individual banks (Cooper, et al., 2012, p. 18). Additionally, the financial organizations will be required to disclose adequate qualitative information regarding their techniques for determining the critical inputs of the Internal Ratings-Base approaches. The key inputs comprise Loss Given Default (LGD), Probability of Default (PD), and exposure at default (EAD) (Ramirez, 2016, p. 8). This information will enable the market players to ascertain the trustworthiness, integrity, and robustness of the rating procedure by the financial organizations. The banks will disclose sufficient information pertaining the quality and size of the credit portfolio in a way that permits the market to measure the credit risk. The information concerning the ex-post performance of the banks internal ratings system will also enhance transparency and accountability in the banking industry. The ex-post information is essential to the markets in assessing the past reliability and accuracy of the IRB method and its primary inputs (Hosp, 2013, p. 10). Improved Credit Risk Alleviation Methods The provisions of the Third Basel Accord are intended to ensure that the banks have better plans in place to mitigate the credit risk. For example, the Basel stipulates that the credit risk moderation procedures will be acknowledged for the purpose of regulatory capital resolutions. Banking organizations will be required to reveal correct information regarding the magnitude of risk reduction occurring and the influence on capital prerequisites to meet the requirements for regulatory recognition. This information must be separated into two general types of mitigant security or on-balance sheet netting as well as the guarantees or credit derivatives. The banks should provide information about their strategy and the process for recognizing and managing collateral as well as their approach and procedure for monitoring the ongoing creditworthiness of protection providers. Such vital information concerning credit status will be beneficial to the banking institutions and other key players in the market in ensuring the wellbeing of the sector (Motocu, 2013, p. 120). In conclusion, the Third Basel Accord is the basis of banking regulation in the world. The Third Basel Accord is intended to enhance the capacity of the banking sector to resist shocks emanating from economic and financial upheavals, progress the management and control of risk, as well as reinforce the transparency and disclosures by banks. In Singapore, the Basel III regulations are imposed on the financial institutions by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The implementation of this accord in Singapore has significant benefits on the future of banking industry in this country. Some of the anticipated benefits include enhanced comparability, improved market transparency, and improved credit risk alleviation methods. Comparability is concerned with the extent to which credit information is properly understood and related to different organizations. The Basel III endorses the use of a standardized approach to guarantee that the disclosures streamline the comparison among banki ng establishments. Improved market transparency instills market discipline among the market through the provision of reliable information for sound decision making. Ultimately, the recommendations of the Third Basel Accord will ensure that the banks have better methods in place to mitigate the credit risk to protect the interests of the investors and depositors. References List Bo?Sch, R., 2014. Banking regulation: jurisdictional comparisons. London: Thomson Reuters. Cooper, T. P., Faseruk, A. D. Smith, J. M., 2012. A review of BASEL III - research questions and potential impacts.. GSTF Business Review (GBR), 1(3), pp. 18-23. Hosp, D., 2013. Importance of Basel III for lending alternatives to SMEs. Munich: GRIN Verlag GmbH . Ko?ffer, T., 2014. Basel III - Implications for Banks` Capital Structure: What Happens with Hybrid Capital Instruments?. s.l.:Anchor Academic Pub. Motocu, M., 2013. Redrawing banking standards with BASEL III. Knowledge Horizons.Economics, 5(3), pp. 119-122. Ramirez, J., 2016. Handbook of basel iii capital : enhancing bank capital in practice. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

Restrepo Movie and International relations

The Efficient Markets Hypothesis

The Efficient Markets Hypothesis The efficient markets hypothesis has historically been one of the main cornerstones of academic finance research. Proposed by the University of Chicagos Eugene Fama in the 1960s, the general concept of the efficient markets hypothesis is that financial markets are informationally efficient- in other words, that asset prices in financial markets reflect all relevant information about an asset. One implication of this hypothesis is that, since there is no persistent mispricing of assets, it is virtually impossible to consistently predict asset prices in order to beat the market- i.e. generate returns that are higher than the overall market on average without incurring more risk than the market. The intuition behind the efficient markets hypothesis is pretty straightforward- if the market price of a stock or bond was lower than what available information would suggest it should be, investors could (and would) profit (generally via arbitrage strategies) by buying the asset. This increase in demand, however, would push up the price of the asset until it was no longer underpriced. Conversely, if the market price of a stock or bond was higher than what available information would suggest it should be, investors could (and would) profit by selling the asset (either selling the asset outright or short selling an asset that they dont own). In this case, the increase in the supply of the asset would push down the price of the asset until it was no longer overpriced. In either case, the profit motive of investors in these markets would lead to correct pricing of assets and no consistent opportunities for excess profit left on the table. Technically speaking, the efficient markets hypothesis comes in three forms. The first form, known as the weak form (or weak-form efficiency), postulates that future stock prices cannot be predicted from historical information about prices and returns. In other words, the weak form of the efficient markets hypothesis suggests that asset prices follow a random walk and that any information that could be used to predict future prices is independent of past prices. The second form, known as the semi-strong form (or semi-strong efficiency), suggests that stock prices react almost immediately to any new public information about an asset. In addition, the semi-strong form of the efficient markets hypothesis claims that markets dont overreact or underreact to new information. The third form, known as the strong form (or strong-form efficiency), states that asset prices adjust almost instantaneously not only to new public information but also to new private information. Put more simply, the weak form of the efficient markets hypothesis implies that an investor cant consistently beat the market with a model that only uses historical prices and returns as inputs, the semi-strong form of the efficient markets hypothesis implies that an investor cant consistently beat the market with a model that incorporates all publicly available information, and the strong form of the efficient markets hypothesis implies that an investor cant consistently beat the market even if his model incorporates private information about an asset. One thing to keep in mind regarding the efficient markets hypothesis is that it doesnt imply that no one ever profits from adjustments in asset prices. By the logic stated above, profits go to those investors whose actions move the assets to their correct prices. Under the assumption that different investors get to the market first in each of these cases, however, no single investor is consistently able to profit from these price adjustments. (Those investors who were able to always get in on the action first would be doing so not because asset prices were predictable but because they had an informational or execution advantage, which is not really inconsistent with the concept of market efficiency.) The empirical evidence for the efficient markets hypothesis is somewhat mixed, though the strong-form hypothesis has pretty consistently been refuted. In particular, behavioral finance researchers aim to document ways in which financial markets are inefficient and situations in which asset prices are at least partially predictable. In addition, behavioral finance researchers challenge the efficient markets hypothesis on theoretical grounds by documenting both cognitive biases that drive investors behavior away from rationality and limits to arbitrage that prevent others from taking advantage of the cognitive biases (and, by doing so, keeping markets efficient).

Should the Death Penalty be legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Should the Death Penalty be legal - Essay Example Those who are against the use of capital punishment do not think that the government should be given the authority to subject any of its people to death. They also say that this practice is overtly costly, racially partial and does not realize the intended result. The vast majority of Americans consider the death penalty to be neither cruel nor unusual, quite the opposite; they think it’s a fair and just punishment. They not only accept but stridently insist that the â€Å"ultimate punishment† be sustained for several reasons which will be thoroughly covered in this paper. It will also take into account the opponents’ logic concerning why it should be ended in an effort to show an inclusive summary of the contentious death penalty debate. History of Punishment Historically speaking, the justification for punishing offenders has been to â€Å"avenge the crime, to protect society by imprisoning the criminal, to deter that person and other potential offenders from the commission of crimes and to obtain reparations from the offender† (Wolfgang, 1998). All through the history of civilization, this rational has not altered appreciably. The four fundamental reasons humanity punishes criminals can be classified by two basic motivations. One is to obtain the desired outcome which includes protecting society, deterrence and seeking compensation. The other, retribution or vengeance involves reprimanding those who have committed a crime on society. For thousands of years people have subscribed to retribution as validation for using the death penalty which can be found in the Biblical reference ‘an eye for an eye.’ In other words, aggressive actions against society must be confronted with an aggressive punishment (Olen & Barry, 1996: 268). This use of any type of punishment is humanity’s method of striking back at a person or persons who have disturbed the ethical and emotional sensibilities of a society. The ‘eye for an eye’ justification continues to be used by many people and nations today. Those who embrace this viewpoint are undoubtedly correct when they state that capital punishment assures that the offender will not be able to commit another transgression against society. The death penalty is the definitive preventative measure (Olen & Barry, 1996). Opponent Position Persons who oppose use of the death penalty think that all life no matter how despicable should be considered of value and that putting a person in prison for life without the opportunity for parole is sufficient punishment. Opponents also believe that revenge as justification is wrong and in the end more harmful to the values of society than is the crime of murder itself. Additionally, opponents think that banning the death penalty will â€Å"allow opportunities for confronting those who had been hurt most and possibly encourage remorse or reconciliation (and) suggest those that have killed be made to service the commun ity as a way of partially making amends† (Olen & Barry, 1967: 272). According to opponents the death penalty is morally and ethically objectionable in modern society. Some are against it based on religious reasons referring to morality as the primary issue; however, differing religions and the faithful within those religions have conflicting opinions. For example, Christians who live in America overwhelmingly support it while Christians in Europe tend to oppose it. Legal Interpretations The U.S. Supreme Court has maintained that use of the death

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections - Research Paper Example The 2012 US election is one of the areas of evaluation of the impact of media in the electoral process (Campaign tech panels 2012). The 2008 United States presidential campaign coincided with a period when social media were gaining fame globally. Barrack Obama extensively used Twitter and Facebook to reach voters. In 2008, President Barrack Obama’s campaign team successfully used the internet and social network solicit funds and effectively link up with campaign volunteers (Learmonth 16). Despite the fact that experts have no certainty on the extent to which social media impact the U.S election, they accept that opinion on across the social web sites influence election outcomes. The 2008 elections occurred at a time when social media was gaining fame in the society and becoming one of the most prominent aspects in communication and advertising (Metaxas & Mustafaraj, p.473). It offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the usefulness and the success of the different media platfo rms(Dylko, Beam, Landreville, & Geidner, 2012). However, for social media presence to be effective, it relies on access to the internet. According to American Life Project, the access to internet increased and by 2008 over 46% Americans were using the internet, email or text messaging to obtain news about the campaigns. Likewise, the same number shared their views and mobilized others. In specific reference to social networking, only 10% used the established social sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Compared to the 2002 elections, the 2008 elections registered an increase in social networking. While commenting on the increase, in social media use, Peter Daou, an internet advisor for Hilary Clinton states that virtually every platform including the social media was employed, in public dialogue. The social media, in both the 2008 and 2012 elections, was used to introduce stories into the public, which affected consciousness and had a direct impact on the news presented by the mass me dia organizations (Williams & Gulati, 2013 p. 64). The blogs and other social format helped set the agenda for the media and the discussion surrounding the elections. The findings of the day before elections indicate that the Obama campaign was more active in the social media than McCain. In fact on Facebook, Obama has over 2.3 million supporters against 620,359 followers for McCain. In addition, on twitter, Obama had over 100, 000 followers against a mere 4,603. Likewise, on You Tube, there were over 18 million views for Obama against two million for McCain (Gayo-Avello, 2011). The following on social media was reflected in the election results as Obama won the elections. Even on the traditional media platform, Obama enjoyed massive success with over 160,000 mentions against over 140,000 for McCain. The findings indicate that the Obama campaign used the media effectively in the 2008 elections which led to success in elections (Learmonth, 2009). The social media is useful both in fa cilitating and distributing the campaign message. It also offered a platform for engagement on the message presented. According to Learmonth (2009), the coverage of issues was similar regardless of the platform. In fact, the issues covered in the traditional media were reflected on the social media and vice versa. The finding indicates that information transfer between the traditional media and the social media